According to historical medical chronicles, Hippocrates (5th century BC) used placental tissue to treat wounds long before the discovery of stem cells and numerous valuable biologically active substances in it. The cellular and non-cellular elements of the placenta are characterized by a pronounced regenerative effect. Over the past century, scientists from different countries of the world have become increasingly interested in the amniotic membrane, which is extracted from the placenta. It is used to treat wounds and as an analogue of the cornea in ophthalmological operations. We have repeatedly reported on the successes of the Institute of Cell Therapy in this direction, namely the creation of a method for treating gunshot and mine wounds using the amniotic membrane and the results of a clinical study on the treatment of keratitis.
In December 2024, the scientific journal Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications published a joint work of scientists from Indonesia and Japan Filtriani L. et al., describing an innovative biomaterial for wound treatment. The latter is based on the use of amniotic membrane stem cells from the placenta on an alginate hydrogel matrix. In vitro studies have shown that this biobandage closes the wound by 100%, stimulates the healing processes of the wound defect, proliferation and migration of cells involved in regeneration.
The mechanism of action of such a biobandage consists, in particular, in the release of numerous growth factors by mesenchymal stem cells of the amniotic membrane from the placenta. These are epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, vasculoendothelial growth factor, transforming growth factors, nerve growth factor and chemokines. It is also worth mentioning the proven anti-inflammatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells. All this creates a favorable environment for tissue regeneration in the area of damage.
Source: https://www.dovepress.com/alginate-based-hydrogels-with-amniotic-membrane-stem-cells-for-wound-d-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-SCCAA, https://instituteofcelltherapy.com/news/ukraїnskih-voїniv-likuyut-iz-vikoristannyam-tkaninnih-preparativ-placzenti-vigotovlenih-ikt/, https://cryobank.ua/uk/articles-uk/amniotichna-membrana-platsenti-likuye-keratiti/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39396946/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39419158/
